Carlos Giraldo and Iader Giraldo

The most significant health crisis of the last 100 years has had profound impacts throughout the different countries and regions of the world. Its effects have depended on the preconditions exhibited by the different territories, the force with which the pandemic occurred, and the responses of the economic and health authorities to counteract them.

Carlos Giraldo and Carlos Álvarez

As the world and particular regions continue to experience the effects of the pandemic and uncertainty about the containment of the pandemic persists, Latin America and the Caribbean require a robust financial safety net to support their sustained recovery over the coming years.

Iader Giraldo and Philip Turner

A decade of exceptionally low long-term interest rates, reinforced by renewed monetary policy easing in the advanced economies after the COVID-19 shock, has encouraged global investors to seek the higher yields offered by emerging market dollar bonds. And investors have been further enticed by the development of bond funds which offer the liquidity of a daily price even when the underlying securities are illiquid.